مرحبا بكم في روضة سعد بن ابي وقاص التجريبية لغات .
لم تشرفنا بالتسجيل في منتدانا برجاء التسجيل للإنضمام إلى اسرتنا الصغيرة لنصبح اسرة كبيرة بإنضمامك إلينا

انضم إلى المنتدى ، فالأمر سريع وسهل

مرحبا بكم في روضة سعد بن ابي وقاص التجريبية لغات .
لم تشرفنا بالتسجيل في منتدانا برجاء التسجيل للإنضمام إلى اسرتنا الصغيرة لنصبح اسرة كبيرة بإنضمامك إلينا
مرحبا بكم في روضة سعد بن ابي وقاص التجريبية لغات .
هل تريد التفاعل مع هذه المساهمة؟ كل ما عليك هو إنشاء حساب جديد ببضع خطوات أو تسجيل الدخول للمتابعة.

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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:16 am

Developing an integrative
health model for improved health status of Palestinian children



Dr. Khuloud Jamal Khayyat Dajani


ABSTRACT:


This paper discusses the health
determinants, risks, and status of Palestinian children and suggests measures
for prevention, treatment, and control. Health statistics are examined and a
historical description of key developments affecting Palestinian children is
provided. Health care models discussed and an integrative health care model is
provided for the
improved health status of children in the Palestinian Authority.



Most of the child care
services are provided by well-trained MOH MCH services. The children are
followed up until three years of age, according to MOH policies and
regulations. The coverage rate is 55.83%,with a universal immunization
coverage. The physical health of
Palestinian children is poor, and there is growing concern about their health,
development, and mental status.



The child health sector
strategies towards an improved health status of children in the Palestinian
Authority focuses on meeting the real needs of children, in terms of covering
all aspects of early childhood health, growth, development, and learning;
providing child health care through child health cycle, for school children and
adolescents and mobilizing all societal efforts dedicated to children’s
positive health are. It is important to develop, promote, and launch an
integrative health model for the improvement of the health status of children
in the Palestinian Authority; raise the awareness among key decision makers
about the importance of investing in the children care and development. Children should be raised into socially
active, economically productive, and politically intelligent citizens, for the
sake of a prosperous world and civilized communities.








عدل سابقا من قبل samar في الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:22 am عدل 1 مرات
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:17 am

The use of self help technology for the
treatment of mental health problems






Authors: Dr Muna Ahmead, Ph.D, Peter Bower,
Ph.D, Wendy MacDonald, Ph.D



Al-Quds University, Public Health Department, Jerusalem,


University of Manchester, NPCRDC,
UK






Introduction


Nowadays, there is an increasing movement to involve children or young
service users into the evaluation of polices and services or into research
activities as a co-researchers. There are different models of involving young
people or children into research process such as children as objects to be
researched, children as subjects, children as social actors to act change and
to be changed by the world they live in and children as active participants which
in consequence will affect the decision of selecting appropriate research
methodology. This study tried to
explore
sensitive issues that are related to mental health problems among children by
utilizing the model where adult researcher and co-researcher (adolescent) were
involved into the process of collecting data from children about their mental
health problems. It is assumed that having young co-researcher will have an
impact on the research process because researching children by adult researcher
may have many challenges and limitations such as the lack of cooperation,
language difficulty, and social differences such as age, gender and
nationality. This may be particularly
important when the researcher has another nationality than the interviewees or
has a different native language



Aims:



§
Exploring
the advantages and the challenges of using young researcher in researching
sensitive issues among children in a comparison with adult researcher



§
Highlight the issues that should be taken into
consideration when conducting a sensitive research among children






Method and study sample


Qualitative study involving a total of
22 semi-structured interviews with children aged 10-18 years. The data was
collected by adult researcher (author) who was Palestinian adult female and the
young researcher who was 18 years-British boy adolescent



Settings:


§
Two youth
institutions at Manchester:
YASP centre and Powerhouse Library




o




Results:






The research team assumed that using a adolescent
researcher to conduct interviews with children had many advantages. However,
findings raised many challenges issue that affected data collection by the
adult researcher and young co-researcher such as comprehensive knowledge about
the study, age of the researcher, interview skills, and personal reflexivity.
For the participants (children), confidentiality, protecting participants from
harm, power, ethical issues and consent form were very important aspects of the
research process among this specific age group
















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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:24 am

Health and wellbeing
session





Parallel session 1


6.
The perception of Palestinian physicians towards child maltreatment.



Samia
Hlehila






ABSTRACT



Objectives:


To
explore the perception of Palestinian physicians towards child maltreatment
.


Method and
study sample



Phone
interviews were conducted with physicians currently practicing in the West Bank. A total of 629 physicians were
interviewed.
An index of
physicians’ awareness of child maltreatment was constructed from 12
Likert-scale items on child abuse and neglect.
Associations between awareness of child maltreatment and selected
background variables were assessed using logistic regression.



Findings:



Physicians
perception of child maltreatment was relatively high, with the majority of them
‘always agreeing’ with eight of the perception items. High awareness of child maltreatment was
significantly associated with working in the private sector (OR 1.95, 95% CI:
1.19, 3.19), working in the south district (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.84), and
specialties other than paediatrics or general practice (OR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.25,
2.75). Sex, age, training, place of graduation and experience were not
significantly associated with awareness.



Conclusion:



This
study revealed that physicians’ awareness of child maltreatment was relatively
high in the West Bank. It reflects a
combination of cultural values, societal issues and the person’s own
experience. Three suggestions are made to improve the clinical practices of
physicians in addressing child maltreatment.



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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:25 am

4. Children with disabilities in 27 rural
communities in the north of the West Bank: characteristics, conditions and
needs.



Motasem Hamdan, PhD.


School of Public
Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem.



Email:mhamdan@med.alquds.edu. Telfax:
+970-2-2799234.






Abstract


Background and objective:


This paper
builds on the results of a survey conducted in late 2005 in collaboration with
the
Union of Health Care Committees
to identify prevalence of disability and
characteristics, conditions and needs of those with disabilities in 27 rural
communities afflicted by the Separation Wall in Tulkarm and Qalqilia districts
in the
north of the West Bank.



Methods:


A house-to-house survey was used to screen 10,147 families living in that area by
trained community based rehabilitation (CBR) field workers supported by a
professional health team using WHO guidelines.



Results:


A total of 806 persons were identified with
disabilities, 371 of them 47.8% were children less than 18 years old. The mean
age of children was 8.9 years (SD=4.4), males formed 58.2% of the cases.



Disability prevalence among children was estimated
at 1.4%. Type of disabilities was distributed as follows: physical 30%, speech
19%, mental 12%, ophthalmic 11%, hearing 9%, learning 8%, multiple and other
type of disabilities 11%. The major cause for disability according to the
professional team was hereditary 50%.
Parents’
consanguinity (first and second degree) was 58% and 36.7% of the families
reported having more than one person with disability



Children
with disabilities live in harsh economic conditions; while 21.6% of the
families rated their income as bad and 63% as fair, about 26.4% of their
families were without anybody working. About 34% indicated economic conditions
as their major problem besides being the main barrier for receiving care.
Moreover, 67% of the families are facing economic problems in taking care of
those with disabilities.



About
97% of those with disability live with their families and 74 % are looked after
by their mothers. Only 75.8% have received some kind of care, care provided
currently are mainly medical (28%), local voluntary agencies provided 47% of
the services.



The survey showed a relatively low
integration of disabled children in the community where only 48% of those at schooling age (6-18 years) go to school, and while
77% of the children participate in family, 56% participate in community
activities.
Among the most needs
of the persons with disabilities were
34% medical care, 22% education, 19%
physiotherapy & rehabilitation, and 16.6% supporting equipment and
prosthesis services.






Conclusions:


there
is an urgent need for CBR programmes complemented by adequate level of
institutional care to respond to the needs of the children with disability in
the area, to enhance their integration in the community and also a need to
support and empower the families taking care of them.






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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:26 am



المظاهر السلوكية للطلبة ذوي
صعوبات التعلم من الصف الثالث والرابع والخامس


الأساسية في بعض قرى رام الله


إعداد: د. سهير الصباح- جامعة
القدس أبو ديس


المعلمة: سفانا كساب





هدف الدراسة


هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف
إلى المظاهر السلوكية للطلبة ذوي صعوبات التعلم من الصف الثالث والرابع والخامس في
مدارس قرى رام الله الشمالية الحكومية




العينة و مكان الدراسة


اشتملت العينة على (60) طالباً وطالبة
تم إختيارهم بطريقة قصدية من قرى دير السودان، إم صفا، مزارعالنوباني
وعارورة




منهج الدراسة


إعتمد الباحث منهج الدراسة الوصفية.




أداة الدراسة


إستخدم الباحثان إختبار الخصائص السلوكية لذوي
صعوبات التعلم المستخدمة في دراسة (اللحام،2005) واشتملت الأداة على قسمين الأول:
معلومات عامة عن الطفل (إسم الطفل، إسم المدرسة، الصف، الجنس) أما القسم الثاني:
اشتمل على إختبارات فرعية مكونة من ثماني إختبارات حيث يتمتع هذا الإختبار بثبات
وصدق عالي.





النتائج


أظهرت النتائج أن درجة المظاهر
السلوكية لدى ذوي صعوبات التعلم كانت متوسطة بدرجة (44.90) وأن أهم هذه المظاهر
السلوكية هي التآزر البصري ومتوسط حسابي (11.53) وأقلها الإستقبال السمعي بمتوسط
حسابي (2.91) كما بينت أيضاً النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية للدرجة
الكلية من حيث الجنس، أما بالنسبة للصف والقرية كان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية
لصالح الصف الخامس ولصالح دير السودان.




توصيات الدراسة


يوصي الباحثان بتأهيل المعلمين
وتزويدهم بمفاهيم أساسية حول مفهوم صعوبات التعلم وآلية الكشف والتعرف عليهم
وكيفية التعامل معهم، كما يوصيان بإجراء دراسات مسحية شاملة لتحديد نسبة الطلبة
ذوي صعوبات التعلم في مراحل مبكرة على مستوى فلسطين وتوفير أدوات مناسبة لشخيص ذوي
صعوبات التعلم ووضع خطط وبرامج تربوية متخصصة تشمل جميع المدارس الأساسية.




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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:26 am

Anemia Management of children under five attending PMRS clinics in the West Bankو October,
2007






Feletcia Sameer, MD, MPH


The Palestinian Medical
Relief Society PMRS






Abstract



Introduction:


Iron
deficiency anemia is the common nutritional disease among children in
developing countries. It is higher during infancy and early childhood than any
other time.



In the
occupied Palestinian territory (oPt), national surveys addressing anemia were
done in 2002 by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics showed that anemia
is almost twice as high in children aged 6-23 months as in children aged 24-59
months, (54.5% vs. 29.3%)
.



Together
with Birzeit University
(Institute of Community and Public Health ICPH),
Palestinian Medical Relief Society PMRS addressed this problem by conducting
anemia management study






The Aim of the study:


The
objective of this study is to assess anemia management at Palestinian Medical
Relief Society (PMRS) clinics using the child health records (Well baby clinic)
Operating in the West Bank.






Methodology:


Sample
selection and settings



All PMRS
clinics with a laboratory on site was included in the sample to reduce bias of
not having access to a laboratory to measure hemoglobin levels. In total 15
clinics fit this criterion.
Four
clinics were joint clinics with the Ministry of Health, where immunization is
carried out by the MoH nurse and everything else by PMRS staff.






Data
collection



Data was
collected through photocopying pages from the well baby records, which included
relevant information on children and child nutrition.






Analysis



Statistical
Package of Social Science (SPSS 12) was used for analysis.






Result:


The
analysis of the data has shown that although




  • Anemia
    levels are high at all of the age groups (using a cut off point of
    10.9g/dl).

  • Anemia
    was reduced gradually with repeated visits to the clinics at different
    localities through providing iron for anemic children and giving messages
    to mothers on infant feeding through nutrition education.

  • The
    study strongly confirms the fact that existing anemia in the oPt is due to
    iron deficiency and that nutrition education (breast feeding, child
    feeding and anemia) is crucial in reducing levels of anemia as child
    feeding practices are clearly improved with increasing visits to the
    clinics.

  • The
    outcome of this research project emphasizes the role of Non Governmental
    Organizations as partners in health with the Government sector.

  • It
    is also the first research project to evaluate the management of anemia in
    children living in the occupied Palestinian territory, through a protocol
    that combines primary and secondary intervention models.






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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:28 am

Parallel session:
Well being and learning environment





Developing
instruments to measure student’s subjective well-being in the school
environment



Speaker: Prof. Marwan Awartani,


Secretary General, Universal Education Foundation


Abstract


Background



The
presentation will focus on the pilot research carried out in the Middle East for the Universal Education Foundation’s
Voice of Children programme






Objectives



The
pilot research had two main aims:



1.
To develop and test a subjective well-being based monitoring and evaluation



framework for the school environment


2. To explore ways and means of using the
framework outcomes in education



policy development.





Methods
and study sample



A
survey was conducted in 2006 to capture the perceptions of 14-16 years olds
about how the school environment impacts on their personal development and
well-being.






Location



Selected
key results of three quantitative surveys which derived from the well-being
framework and conducted on pilot basis in Lebanon,
Jordan and Palestine.






Findings



The
presentation will then focus on Palestine
highlighting a selected number of interesting correlations between different
indicators and providing an account of how survey findings were used as an
effective instrument for highlighting priorities for educational reform and
encouraging multi stakeholder participation to accelerate the desired reform process
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:29 am

Palestinian adolescent’s perception to their well-being


Authors, Shaheen, M and Sayej, S


Presenter: Dr. Sumaiyeh Sayej


Introduction


The well being of children and adolescents is crucial to
any society, both because they represent the future and because of the
consensus that it is intrinsically important for them to be healthy and happy.
Well being is about more than living ‘the good life’; it is about having
meaning in life, about fulfilling our potential and feeling that our lives are
worthwhile (Bond, 2003).
Data
on child and adolescent well being in Palestine
are not satisfactory, some of the data available on assessment of needs which
described certain characteristics and behaviors but not the well being as a
whole. This means there is limited research on Palestinian adolescent’s
perception of their well being correlated between their developmental stage and
their living within their social environment in which this study aimed to do.



Research methodology


This
descriptive qualitative study was primarily to gain insight into how the
adolescents themselves perceive their well being, the way they view their
living and the support they receive from their surroundings as well as efforts
made to grant them the full potential at this stage of their development. The theoretical framework chosen for this study
includes presentation of different approaches used in the study of adolescence;
the physiological, cognitive, psychological, sociological and spiritual aspect
of development, thus well being indicators and study questions were derived
from these components.



Sample



143
adolescents’ aged (11-14) years



Data
collection



12 focus
groups with an average of (10-13) children in each group participated in the
discussion from West Bank representing different localities including camp,
villages and towns in north, middle and south regions of the West
Bank. There were 4 focus groups from each region where girls and
boys were represented in equal proportion. The focus group format allowed the
participants to identify with the group and to share their experiences, views
and perspectives with one another on the issues presented in the questionnaire.



Findings


The
study results indicated that Palestinian adolescents are powerfully influenced
by their perceptions and expectations. They were able to clearly identify the
indicators of their well being; they possessed the courage to ascertain their
views, to explain the promotive and risk factors that affect their well being
when relating to their homes, school and surrounding environment. These findings in addition to other findings
will be discussed in more details
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:30 am

Impact of adolescence pregnancy on the mother
and her baby



Huda
abu elhalaweh, MSN in maternal child health, Staff midwife, R/N, Teacher in
nursing Alquds University



Introduction



Improvement
of maternal health remains always an important part of health at all.



In
our society(about 50% got married before the age of 18) it reflects the level
of health and considered as an important indicator. Not only maternal mortality
rate is an important indicator but also morbidity is. Although women in all
ages may develop maternal health problems, the adolescents are usually more
pronounced to these problems which are the primary focus for this research. The
responsibility for improving maternal and neonatal health lies on the health
personnel, the communities and the women themselves.



Objectives



  • To assess the local situation






  • To shed light on some indicators
    that should be used in planning to reduce maternal and newborns
    morbidities and deaths







  • To investigate the maternal
    health status of this age group







  • To develop a data base for
    strategic planning at the higher levels; the legislative council.



Methodology


A descriptive
retrospective analytical research was designed to conduct this study






Sample:


Target
population: all the Palestinian women who are ever married aged 15-19
yrs.






Data
collection and settings



Data obtained
from review of all mothers files who delivered within six months(Jan-June 2006)
in Al-Ahli hospital in Hebron,
Almakased hospital in Al-Quds, and
Al-hilal hospital in Al-Bireh.






Research
tool



The
questionnaire consisted of three parts:



1-data
such as age, education, social status, residency, and setting of delivery.



2-maternal
health data which include data on preexisting medical health conditions,
gestational age, pregnancy rank, pregnancy related complications, mode of
delivery, and post partum complications and others



3-Newborn
health status data like birth weight, gestational age, apqar score, and if any



4. Complications arise immediately after
delivery



Data
Analysis



Statistical
package (SPSS) was used for data entry and analyses, continuous check for the
questionnaires were conducted.



Results


Some
of the important results are as the following:



Regarding
the pregnancy complications, 50% of them have some of them, for example 29.6% have anemia, and
15.7% have preterm labor.



For
postpartum complications, 30% has
complications such as second degree tear (6.9%), and 4.2% develops post partum
bleeding.



Regarding
the new borns; about 11% developed
immediate complications like respiratory distress syndrome and others.



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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:30 am

Children psychosocial
research session








Psychological
reactions to Israeli Occupation


Abdeen,
Z. Ph.D & Shaheen, M. Ph. D


Al-Quds University,
The AlQuds Nutrition and Health
Research Center
& Center for Development in Primary Health Care.


Abstract:


Setting: Children exposed to war and
repeated political violence often experience a continued threat to life and
their sense of safety, as well as a disruption of daily functioning.




Objective:
We examined
the psychological impact of exposure to Israeli occupation on Palestinian
school children in the west bank and Gaza, Palestine. We assessed
the association between exposure to occupation and the severity of
posttraumatic symptoms and the inter-relationship between posttraumatic
symptoms, functional impairment somatic complaints, and coping strategies in
school children.




Method:
Palestinian I
students ( n=2100) from grades 9-11 were screened from both the West band
(n=1235) and Gaza
(n=724). The self report questionnaires assessed exposure to Israeli
occupation. Posttraumatic symptoms were measured with the University of California
at Los Angeles Reaction Index. Functional impairment and somatic complaints
were measured with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, and coping
strategies were assessed by Brief cope.




Results: More extensive exposure to
violence was associated with higher levels og posttraumatic distress and more
somatic complaints in both the West bank and Gaza regions. A total of 6.8% of the West
bank I students and 37.2% of the Gaza
student, reported symptoms meeting the criteria for PTSD. Girls reported more
somatic complaints in both groups.




Conclusions: School-based
screening can be an affective method for case identification of students who
evidence PTSD symptoms as a result of exposure violence.
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عدد المساهمات : 922
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:31 am

The
psychological Traumatic Stress Impact on Primary Stage Students as a Result of
Israeli Military Incursions into Jenin Refugee Camp



Dr. Abed.
Assaf



Dr. Wael Abu
Hassan






Abstract


Aim of
study



The purposes of this study
were:



First, to determine the
major psychological traumatic stress impact on students due to Israeli military
incursions into Jenin refugee camp, and to determine the effect of the
variables of sex, levels of educational class, and levels of student family
income on psychological traumatic stress,



Second, to identify the
students problems as result of Israeli forces incursions.






Sample


The sample of
"135" upper grades school students of both sexes was randomly chosen
representing 34% of the target population.



Data collection


To collect the data, a scale
of the psychological traumatic stress was validated and to the subject of the
sample.



Results of the study


The result of the study
showed that the overall mean of psychological traumatic stress was 56.3%,and it
is ranged according to the percentage scale of responses in to a high traumatic
stress represent 25.2% moderate traumatic stress represents 35.6% &low
traumatic stress represents 39.2%. these results considered from psychological
perspective are very dangerous and high and will affect the students adjustment
and mental health in the future, because 39.2% of students are suffering from psychological
traumatic stress.






The study also revealed that there were no significant
mean differences due to the variables of sex, and family income, but there was
a significant mean difference related to the level of student class, in favor
of low levels. The study also points out the most important problems facing
students as a result of the Israel forces incursions in the Jenin refugee camp
that include psychological, behavioral, and learning problems
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عدد المساهمات : 922
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
الموقع : www.saad-kindergarden.yoo7.com

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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:31 am

Effect
of Continues Trauma on Mental Health of Palestinian Children in Gaza Strip



Thabet, A, A,
MD, Phd



Abstract


Background:


After
the disengagement plan on September 2005 and withdrawal of Israeli Occupation
forces from Gaza Strip and for the last 12 months Gaza Strip had been exposed
continuously to shelling by tanks and heavy artillery, air raids, incursions,
and bombardment of homes by jetfighters.






Aim:


The
aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD, anxiety, behavioural,
and emotional problems of Palestinian children in relation to traumatic events
and other socioeconomic status.






Method
and study sample



A sample of 409 children from the entire Gaza
Strip aged 9-18 years was survey using
self-report questionnaires. Children were interviewed using Gaza Trauma
Checklist, Child Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, and Child Revised Manifest
Anxiety Scale, and their parents reported about their children behavioural and
emotional problems using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.






Results



The
results estimated mean traumatic experiences were 7.7. There was significant
relationship between number of traumatic events and PTSD of children, intrusion, avoidance, and arousal. No gender differences in PTSD symptom.
Children coming from families with monthly
income less than 271 $ reported more traumatic events.
Total IES score of children was
significantly associated with PTSD
symptoms. No relationships between number of traumatic events and SDQ
total or subscales. Prevalence of PTSD in children was 65.5%.



The
result showed that there were no sex differences in PTSD symptoms. Children
coming from families with 4 and less children had more PTSD symptoms.



Prevalence
of anxiety disorder was (33.9%). No gender differences in anxiety
disorder. General mental health problems
rated by parents SDQ was (52.2%); conduct disorder (42.2%); hyperactivity
(28.1%), emotional problems (32.8%), peers problems (69.9%), and prosocial
problems (14%).






Conclusion


From
the above mentioned findings that large number of Palestinian children having
PTSD make it difficult to manage such large number of children. A great need
for establishing psychosocial programmes targeting traumatized children in the
community and schools with new methods of intervention rather than the classic
ways of intervention
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عدد المساهمات : 922
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:32 am

الموضوع: اتجاهات المرشدين التربويين حول سوء معاملة
الأطفال (دراسة ميدانية في مدارس السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية)


Attitudes of Educational Counselors towards
Mistreatment of Children enrolled in Government Schools in West Bank and Gaza
Strip- Riad Arar-Researcher


رياض عرار.


ملخص تنفيذي (Abstract)





مجتمع
الدراسة والعينة :






أجريت الدراسة من قبل
الحركة العالمية للدفاع عن الاطفال/فرع فلسطين مع مجتمع المرشدين التربويين
العاملين في المدارس الحكومية في السلطة الفلسطينية، وبالتعاون التام مع وزارة
التربية والتعليم العالي، ومع كافّة مديريات الوزارة في القدس والضفة الغربية
وقطاع غزة.



تناولت الدراسة
عينة مكونة من 565 مرشداً ومرشدة، من أصل ما يقارب 620 يعملون في المدارس الحكومية
( أي أن نسبة العينة التي شاركت في الدراسة وأجابت على أسئلتها، تشكل 91% من مجمل
المجتمع المبحوث).






محاور البحث:


تناولت الدراسة المحاور التالية:



  • تعريف المرشدين التربويين، لمشكلة
    الاعتداء على الأطفال في الأسرة.

  • اتجاهات المرشدون التربويين، حول الاعتداء على
    الأطفال وتفسيرهم لها.

  • تقدير المرشدين التربويين، في أي
    الحالات أو الظروف يحق لأحد الوالدين الاعتداء على أحد اولاده ولتحقيق أي هدف
    يحقّ للوالد الاعتداء على أحد أبنائه/ها وبناته/ها الاولاد، وبأي شكل من
    أشكال الاعتداء.

  • تقدير المرشدين التربويين للآثار
    الناجمة عن اعتداء الأسرة على الطفل، وحجم الخطر الناجم عن تعرض الاطفال
    للاساءة والاهمال.

  • مدى استعدادية المرشدين التربويين
    للتبليغ عن حالات الاساءة والاهمال للشرطة ومكاتب الشؤون الاجتماعية.

  • مدى استعداد المرشدين التربويين
    للتدخل المهني مع الاطفال ضحايا الاعتداء ومع الوالدين الذين قاموا
    بالاعتداء، وتقديرهم للصعاب
    والتحديات التي تواجهم اثناء تدخلهم.






النتائج:





أولاً:- رغم
أن نتائج الدراسة بينت أن تعريفات المرشدين التربويين الفلسطينيين تدل على أنهم
يعون معظم حالات وأشكال وأنماط الإساءة والإهمال التي يتعرض لها الأطفال، إلا أنهم
في ذات الوقت يميلون للاعتراف بأشكال
الإساءة الجسدية الحادة والمتكررة، باعتبارها من أشكال الاعتداء على الأطفال، أكثر
من اعترافهم بأشكال الإساءة الجسدية "البسيطة" التي قد تحدث لمرة أو
مرتين.






ثانيا: يميل
المرشدون للاعتراف بأشكال الاعتداء التي تترك آثاراً على الأطفال، أكثر من
اعترافهم بأشكال الاعتداء التي لا تترك
تلك الآثار، واتضح أيضاً، أن تعريفات المرشدين التربويين قد حملت مضاميناً
تدل على وعيهم لحالات الاعتداء الجسدي والجنسي، أكثر من وعيهم لحالات الاعتداء
النفسية والعاطفية واللفظية.






ثالثا: برز
ميل عال لدى المرشدين التربويين، لاعتبار الاعتداء والإساءة للأطفال وإهمالهم
مشكلة عائلية، أكثر من ميلهم لاعتبارها مشكلة جنائية وقانونية.



رابعا: معارضة الغالبية العظمى منهم
لتدخل الجهات القانونية (مثل الشرطة والأجهزة القضائية) في حالات الإساءة والإهمال
لاعتقادهم أن مؤسسات السلطة الفلسطينية غير مهيأة قانونياً ومهنياً ومؤسساتياً
لتقديم العلاج والحماية للطفل الضحية، والعلاج والملاحقة القانونية للوالد
المعتدي.






خامسا:- يتضح من إجاباتهم
أنهم على دراية عالية بحجم الخطر الناجم عن تعرض الأطفال للإساءة والإهمال. (مع
أنهم يميلون للنظر بخطورة أكبر للإساءة الأخلاقية والجنسية والجسدية الحادة
المتكررة).






سادسا:- اتضح
من أكثر الإجراءات التدخليه التي اتبعها المرشدون التربويين مع الأطفال، العمل
الفردي المباشر مع الطفل الضحية، وأقل من ذلك شيوعاً – استدعاء الأهل المعتدين،
وعقد اجتماعات عامة، وندوات توعية وتثقيف للأهالي حول مشكلة الاعتداء على الأطفال
.





سابعا:-
يتبين أن الغالبية العظمى من المرشدين التربويين في مدارس السلطة الفلسطينية،
يعتقدون بأنه يترتب عليهم وعلى الجهات الرسمية – مثل جهاز التعليم، الجهاز الصحي،
الشرطة، الخدمات الاجتماعية، وغير ذلك – التدخل لاكتشاف وعلاج الأطفال ضحايا
الاعتداء الأسري. إلا أن أقلية منهم تعتقد أن هناك بالفعل تعاون بين تلك الجهات
لإنجاز هذه المهمة، مع تأكيدهم أيضا أن تعاونهم مع تلك الجهات كان ضئيل جداً.






ثامنا: لقد
أفصحت نسبٌ عالية من المرشدين التربويين، عن استعدادهم للتدخل المهني مع الأطفال
ضحايا الإساءة والإهمال، ومع الوالدين المعتدين، مع اهتمام خاص بحالات الإساءة
الأخلاقية والإساءة الجسدية المتكررة التي تترك آثاراً على الطفل ضحية الاعتداء.






استنتاجات
وتوصيات:



سوف نؤكد في
هذه المحاضرة على اهم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي بالامكان اعتمادها بالانسجام مع
نتائج الدراسة، مع التركيز على التاهيل المهني للمرشدين واغناء كفايتهم وكفايات
المؤسسات الفلسطينية لمواجهة مشكلة الاساءة للاطفال واهمالهم في الاسرة
الفلسطينية.



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عدد المساهمات : 922
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:33 am

Issues
and Challenges in Studying the Mental Health Consequences of Children’s
Exposure to Political Violence: The Case of Palestinian Children Abstract for
a Presentation by:



Muhammad M. Haj-Yahia, Ph.D.


Paul Baerwald
School
of Social Work and Social Welfare


The
Hebrew University
of Jerusalem



Jerusalem, Israel


Abstract:


In recent years, extensive research
has been conducted on the mental health consequences of children’s exposure to
political violence in war zones, including Palestinian society. Although these
studies have elicited abundant data on the topic, there are still some
conceptual, methodological, and ethical issues that pose significant challenges
for future research. In this presentation, I will review issues related to
research on the topic among Palestinian children, and will present challenges
for future research on the psychological effects of Palestinian children’s
exposure to political violence.









With regard to conceptual issues and
challenges, I will discuss the following topics and their relevance for future
research: the responses to and patterns of coping with political violence in
children’s families; well-being and quality of life in the Palestinian family;
the structure of the Palestinian family; processes and dynamics in the
Palestinian family; and parenting patterns in the Palestinian family, and the
impact of those patterns on children’s mental health.









In addition, I will discuss the
importance of investigating the potential for intergenerational transmission of
the consequences of political violence (i.e., from grandparents to parents to
children). Furthermore, I will discuss the need for research on protective
factors and buffering variables (i.e., personal, interpersonal, familial,
organizational, and cultural factors) that can mitigate the negative mental
health consequences of children’s exposure to political violence.



With regard to the methodological domain,
I will highlight issues and challenges with related to sampling and sample
size, measurement and operationalization of political violence, the use of
measures for mental health constructs, and research designs.



Finally, with regard to the ethical
domain, I will deal with issues and challenges related to anonymity and
confidentiality, informed consent, harm caused to children when they
participate in research on the topic, and services that can be offered to
children and their families.



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تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:33 am

Authors: Samia Halileh, Marwan Khawaja, Anita Abdullah, Sheila Narrainen


ABSTRACT


Objectives: To explore the perception of Palestinian physicians towards child
maltreatment.


Method: Phone interviews were
conducted with physicians currently practicing in the West
Bank. A total of 629 physicians were interviewed. An index of physicians’
awareness of child maltreatment was constructed from 12 Likert-scale items on
child abuse and neglect. Associations
between awareness of child maltreatment and selected background variables were
assessed using logistic regression.


Findings: Physicians perception of child maltreatment was relatively high, with the
majority of them ‘always agreeing’ with eight of the perception items. High awareness of child maltreatment was
significantly associated with working in the private sector (OR 1.95, 95% CI:
1.19, 3.19), working in the south district (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.84), and
specialties other than paediatrics or general practice (OR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.25,
2.75). Sex, age, training, place of graduation and experience were not
significantly associated with awareness.


Conclusion: This study revealed that physicians’ awareness of child maltreatment was
relatively high in the West Bank. It reflects
a combination of cultural values, societal issues and the person’s own
experience. Three suggestions are made to improve the clinical practices of
physicians in addressing child maltreatment.





samar
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عدد المساهمات : 922
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
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مُساهمة من طرف samar الثلاثاء 30 أغسطس 2011, 9:34 am

. مؤسسة إنقاذ الطفل السويدية


Swedish
Save the Children policy and role in promoting child rights: Ghada
Yaseen-Program Manager



تقديم غادة ياسين- مسؤولة
البرامج




"تكافح إنقاذ الطفل
السويدية من أجل حقوق الأطفال. نحن نؤثر
على الرأي العام وندعم الأطفال في الظروف الصعبة في السويد وفي العالم"


إن أساس عمل مؤسسة إنقاذ الطفل
السويدية هو الاتفاقية الدولية لحقوق الأطفال ونركز في عملنا حول حقوق معينة
نعتبرها مهمة لتطور الطفل أهمها حق الطفل في عدم التمييز على أساس الجنس أو العمر
أو الإعاقة أو الخلفية الاجتماعية، حق الطفل بالتمتع بصحة جيدة وببيئة صحية، الحق
بالتعليم، والحق بالتأثير في نطاق العائلة، المدرسة، المجتمع والإعلام.


نحن نتبع أربع مناهج عمل من
شأنها أن تضمن للأطفال تمتعا أكبر بحقوقهم وهي:
بناء معرفة سليمة وواعية حول واقع وظروف حقوق الطفل في مرحلة معينة،
ثانياً: تعميم المعرفة ورفع الوعي حول حقوق الطفل، ثالثاً: التأثير في الرأي العام
وفي توجهات أصحاب القرار، رابعاً: تقديم الدعم المباشر للأطفال خاصة في ظروف
الكوارث.


في المناطق الفلسطينية المحتلة
تعمل إنقاذ الطفل السويدية منذ العام 1997 من خلال مكتبها في القدس. نحن نقدم الدعم المعرفي والمادي لمؤسسات
المجتمع المدني الفلسطيني ومعنيون برفع الوعي حول حقوق الطفل الفلسطيني على
المستوى الدولي من خلال إصدار تقارير وأبحاث، تنفيذ برنامج مناصرة، التركيز على
حقوق معنية ترتبط مباشرة بالواقع السياسي للمجتع الفلسطيني مثل حقوق الأطفال
الفلسطينيين المعتقلين في السجون الإسرائيلية، وكذلك بالواقع الاجتماعي /السياسي
مثل التركيز على حقوق الفتيات كفئة مهمشة بشكل خاص.


إنقاذ الطفل السويدية هي عضو في
الائتلاف الدولي لمنظمات إنقاذ الطفل والذي يضم 27 عضو من كافة أنحاء العالم. في المناطق الفلسطينية المحتلة يتمثل الائتلاف
بكل من إنقاذ الطفل الأمريكية وإنقاذ الطفل البريطانية.





samar
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عدد المساهمات : 922
تاريخ التسجيل : 13/03/2010
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